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February 18, 2020

Electronics Notes – Raw

AC/DC

  • DC –  Direct Current
  • AC – Alternating Current – United States – 120v 60Hz

Wall outlet power AC current is easier to transport a waveform

Electronics use DC current because it is easier to produce a specific result

Digital circuits 1 and 0 

 Ohms Law – V=IR

  • Voltage (V) Is the analog of water pressure
  • Resistance (R) Describes the restriction of flow
  • Current (I) Is the rate of flow volume/unit time

Ground

  • Necessary for any circuit to work.
  • Charge and Ground
  • Ground is where electricity wants to be.

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Kirchhoff’s Law of Voltage (KVL)

The sum of voltages in a loop or circuit is zero.

Kirchhoff’s Law of Current (KCL)

The sum of current in and out of a node is zero.

Power

  • P=IV
  • P=I²R
  • P=V²/R

A Resistor Capacitor (RC) Circuit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit

Electronic Components

Schematics

R Resistor
C Capacitor
L Inductor
D Diode
LED Light-emitting diode
Q Transistor
SW Switch
IC Integrated circui

Capacitor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor

Measured in farads (symbol: F)

  • 1 mF (millifarad, one thousandth (10−3) of a farad) = 1000 μF = 1000000 nF
  • 1 μF (microfarad, one millionth (10−6) of a farad) = 0.000 001 F = 1000 nF = 1000000 pF
  • 1 nF (nanofarad, one billionth (10−9) of a farad) = 0.001 μF = 1000 pF
  • 1 pF (picofarad, one trillionth (10−12) of a farad)

Crystal Oscillators

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_oscillator

Diode

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode

Inductor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductor

An inductor, also called a coil, choke, or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it.

A light-emitting diode (LED)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

Resistor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor

Measured in ohms  (symbol: Ω)

Resistors in series

R=R1+R2

Resistors in parallel

R = R1R2/R1+R2

Sensors

IR Receiver

Transistor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. 

Mosfet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSFET

Photoresistor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoresistor

Potentiometer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer

Surface Mount Package Sizes

Metric Imperial Dimensions Dimensions Typical Resistor Power Rating (W)
0201 008004 0.25 mm x 0.125 mm 0.010 mm x 0.005 in
03015 009005 0.3 mm x 0.15 mm 0.012 in x 0.006 in 0.02
0402 01005 0.4 mm × 0.2 mm 0.0157 in × 0.0079 in 0.031
0603 0201  0.6 mm × 0.3 mm 0.024 in × 0.012 in 0.05
1005 0402 1.0 mm × 0.5 mm 0.039 in × 0.020 in 0.1 or 0.062
1608 0603 1.6 mm × 0.8 mm 0.063 in × 0.031 in 0.1
2012  0805 2.0 mm × 1.25 mm 0.079 in × 0.049 in 0.125
2520 1008 2.5 mm × 2.0 mm 0.098 in × 0.079 in Typical inductor and ferrite bead package
3216 1206 3.2 mm × 1.6 mm 0.126 in × 0.063 in 0.25
3225 1210  3.2 mm × 2.5 mm 0.126 in × 0.098 in 0.5
4516 1806 4.5 mm × 1.6 mm 0.177 in × 0.063 in
4532 1812  4.5 mm × 3.2 mm 0.18 in × 0.13 in 0.75
4564 1825  4.5 mm × 6.4 mm 0.18 in × 0.25 in 0.75
5025 2010 5.0 mm × 2.5 mm 0.197 in × 0.098 in 0.75
6332 2512 6.3 mm × 3.2 mm 0.25 in × 0.13 in 1
6863 2725 6.9 mm × 6.3 mm 0.27 in × 0.25 in 3
7451  2920 7.4 mm × 5.1 mm 0.29 in × 0.20 in

Surface mount technology (SMT) Used in Apple products

  • 0201 Resistors
  • 0201 Capacitors
  • 0402 Resistors
  • 0402 Capacitors
  • 0603 Resistors
  • 0603 Capacitors

Electronics Oven

Board Preheat: 260 Degrees Celsius for one hour

Solder Paste Properties

Common solder is an alloy from metals tin, silver, lead, and copper. The melting points of these metals are:

Metal Melting temperature
tin (Sn) 232 °C
silver (Ag) 961.8 °C
copper (Cu) 1,084.6 °C
lead (Pb) 327.5 °C
bismuth (Bi) 271 °C

The alloys, however, have lower melting temperatures than the pure metals:

Alloy Melting temperature
Sn63 Pb37 183 °C
Sn62 Pb36 Ag2 179 °C
Sn96.5 Ag3 Cu0.5 (SAC305) 217–219 °C
Sn96 Ag4 221 °C
Sn92.5 Ag3.5 Cu1 Bi3 213 °C
Sn42 Bi58 138 °C

For soldering with lead, the Sn63Pb37 alloy is almost universally used. For lead-free soldering, the alloy Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5 is the most common. The alloy is also known as the abbreviation SAC305.

Profile Recommendations

The table below is a starting point for a profile for a batch oven. The optimal profile also depends on the PCB, and therefore the suitability of a profile must be verified with actual measurements.

Zone Lead (Sn63 Pb37) Lead-free (SAC305)
Preheat to 150 °C in 60 s to 150 °C in 60 s
Soak from 150 °C to 165 °C in 120 s from 150 °C to 180 °C in 120 s
Reflow Peak temperature 225 °C to 235 °C, hold for 20 s Peak temperature 245 °C to 255 °C, hold for 15 s
Cooling -4 °C/s or free-air cooling -4 °C/s or free-air cooling

Filed Under: Electronics

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